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Loop analysis of analog and mixed-signal discontinuous systems, such as PLLs, delta-sigma converters, switched-capacitor filters, PWM amplifiers, and switch-mode power supplies, presents a unique ...

Abstract: This brief addresses the optimization problem for Markov jump systems (MJSs) with unknown dynamics via a novel scaling-based reinforcement learning scheme. First, by employing subsystem ...

Abstract: Joint Communication and Sensing (JCAS) systems aim to unify radar and communication functionalities and a single RF front-end could play a key role in reducing hardware duplication and ...

Two CMOS inverters connected in a positive feedback loop form a bistable circuit for stable data storage. Two PMOS pull-up devices (M3, M5) and two NMOS pull-down devices (M4, M6) constitute the cross ...